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Data collected from the Hubbard Brook Flux Tower starting in August 2016 that is also uploaded to the Ameriflux website under site name US-HBK. These data are from a suite of sensors installed on the 110 ft. tower and in the ground below the tower. Fast data is collected at 10Hz and is processed into 30min time steps using Licor’s Eddy Pro software. Slow data are averaged at 30 minute intervals and are included with this dataset. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

Air temperature at 1.5 m agl is measured at hourly intervals under the canopy at every fifth valleywide plot plus one more between watersheds 1 and 4. The sensors are maintained by bird crews and volunteers. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

Data collected from the Hubbard Brook Flux Tower starting in August 2016 that is also uploaded to the Ameriflux website under site name US-HBK. These data are from a suite of sensors installed on the 110 ft. tower and in the soil adjacent to the tower. Flux data are collected at 10 Hz and are processed into 30-minute time steps using Licor’s Eddy Pro software. Supporting micro-meteorological data are averaged at 30 minute intervals and are included with this data set. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

Environmental observation networks, such as AmeriFlux, are foundational for monitoring ecosystem response to climate change, management practices, and natural disturbances; however, their effectiveness depends on their representativeness for the regions or continents. We proposed an empirical, time series approach to quantify the similarity of ecosystem fluxes across AmeriFlux sites. We extracted the diel and seasonal characteristics (i.e., amplitudes, phases) from carbon dioxide, water vapor, energy, and momentum fluxes, which reflect the effects of climate, plant phenology, and ecophysiology on the observations, and explored the potential aggregations of AmeriFlux sites through hierarchical clustering. While net radiation and temperature showed latitudinal clustering as expected, flux variables revealed a more uneven clustering with many small (number of sites < 5), unique groups and a few large (> 100) to intermediate (15–70) groups, highlighting the significant ecological regulations of ecosystem fluxes. Many identified unique groups were from under-sampled ecoregions and biome types of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with distinct flux dynamics compared to the rest of the network. At the finer spatial scale, local topography, disturbance, management, edaphic, and hydrological regimes further enlarge the difference in flux dynamics within the groups. Nonetheless, our clustering approach is a data-driven method to interpret the AmeriFlux network, informing future cross-site syntheses, upscaling, and model-data benchmarking research. Finally, we highlighted the unique and underrepresented sites in the AmeriFlux network, which were found mainly in Hawaii and Latin America, mountains, and at under- sampled IGBP types (e.g., urban, open water), motivating the incorporation of new/unregistered sites from these groups. 

Data collected from the Hubbard Brook Flux Tower starting in August 2016 that is also uploaded to the Ameriflux website under site name US-HBK. These data are from a suite of sensors installed on the 110 ft. tower and in the soil adjacent to the tower. Flux data are collected at 10 Hz and are processed into 30-minute time steps using Licor’s Eddy Pro software. Supporting micro-meteorological data are averaged at 30 minute intervals and are included with this data set.